Corona virus infection is called COVID-19 ( Corona Virus Disease 2019 ) and was first discovered in the city of Wuhan, China at the end of December 2019. This virus is spreading very quickly and has spread to almost all countries, including Indonesia, in just a few months.
This has led several countries to implement policies to impose lockdowns in order to prevent the spread of the Corona virus. In Indonesia itself, a Large-Scale Social Restriction (PSBB) policy was implemented to suppress the spread of this virus.
Death Rate Due to Corona Virus (COVID-19)
The Corona virus that causes COVID-19 can attack anyone. According to data released by the Task Force for the Acceleration of Handling COVID-19 of the Republic of Indonesia, the number of confirmed positive cases as of October 30, 2020 is 404,048 people with a death toll of 13,701 people. The case fatality rate due to COVID-19 is around 3.4%.
When viewed from the percentage of mortality rates divided by age group, the age group over 60 years has a higher percentage of mortality than other age groups.
Symptoms of the Corona Virus (COVID-19)
Early symptoms of Corona virus infection or COVID-19 can resemble flu symptoms, namely fever, runny nose, dry cough, sore throat , and headache. After that, the symptoms may disappear and heal or even get worse. Patients with severe symptoms can experience high fever, cough with phlegm and even bleeding, shortness of breath, and chest pain. These symptoms appear when the body reacts against the Corona virus .
In general, there are 3 general symptoms that can indicate someone is infected with the Corona virus, namely:
- Fever (body temperature above 38 degrees Celsius)
- Dry cough
- Hard to breathe
There are several other symptoms that can also appear in Corona virus infection, although they are less common, namely:
- Diarrhea
- Headache
- Conjunctivitis
- Loss of ability to taste or smell
- Rash on the skin
Causes of Corona Virus (COVID-19)
Corona virus infection or COVID-19 is caused by a coronavirus, which is a group of viruses that infect the respiratory system. In most cases, the coronavirus causes only mild to moderate respiratory infections, such as the flu. However, this virus can also cause severe respiratory infections, such as pneumonia, Middle-East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) and Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome(SARS).
A person can catch COVID-19 in various ways, namely:
- Accidentally inhaling the saliva (droplet) that comes out when a person with COVID-19 coughs or sneezes
- Hold the mouth or nose without washing hands first after touching an object that has been splashed with the saliva of a person with COVID-19
- Close contact with people with COVID-19
Diagnosis of Corona Virus (COVID-19)
To confirm a diagnosis of COVID-19, the doctor will perform the following tests:
- Rapid test to detect antibodies (IgM and IgG) produced by the body to fight the Corona virus
- Swab test or PCR ( polymerase chain reaction ) test to detect the Corona virus in sputum
- CT scan or chest X-ray to detect infiltrates or fluid in the lungs
Corona Virus Treatment (COVID-19)
There is no truly effective drug to treat Corona virus infection or COVID-19. Treatment options will be tailored to the patient's condition and severity. Some patients with mild or no symptoms will be advised to carry out an independent home isolation protocol while still taking steps to prevent the spread of Corona virus infection.
In addition, doctors can also provide several steps to relieve symptoms and prevent the spread of the corona virus, namely:
- Referring people with severe COVID-19 to undergo treatment and caratina at a referral hospital
- Provide fever and pain relievers that are safe and in accordance with the patient's condition
- Encourage sufferers of COVID-19 to carry out independent isolation and adequate rest
- Encourage sufferers of COVID-19 to drink lots of water to maintain body fluid levels
Complications of Corona Virus (COVID-19)
In severe cases, Corona virus infection can cause the following complications:
- Pneumonia (lung infection)
- Secondary infection in other organs
- Kidney failure
- Acute cardiac injury
- Acute respiratory distress syndrome
- Dead
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